Oral administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients is desirable because it is easy, safe,
painless, and can be performed by patients, resulting in good medication adherence. The …

As nanocarriers (NCs) can improve the solubility of drugs, prevent their degradation by
gastrointestinal (GI) enzymes and promote their transport across the mucus gel layer and …

This review highlights the recent developments in the area of nanocarrier-based mucosal
delivery of therapeutic biomolecules and antigens. Macromolecular drugs have the unique …

The oral route is most favorable for drug delivery because of easy manufacturing and
handling, less strict regulatory requirements, fewer safety concerns and high patient …

Oral delivery of therapeutics is the preferred route of administration due to ease of
administration which is associated with greater patient medication adherence. One major …

Most of the newly designed drug molecules are characterised by low solubility in aqueous
medium, low permeability through biological membranes and/or an insufficient stability in …

Transmucosal drug delivery routes offer an attractive alternative to injectable drugs because
of their ease of administration and increased patient compliance. Many strategies have been …

Although nanotechnology has been investigated during recent years to increase the
bioavailability and therapeutic effects of mucosal administrated drugs, numerous barriers …

Oral delivery is the most accepted route for administration of drugs due to higher patient
compliance. However, delivery of molecules, such as proteins, peptides, and antibodies, is …

Local administration has many advantages for treating diseases. However, the surface
mucus layer becomes a major obstacle that easily traps and fast removes local …