Chronic pain is a major health problem, affecting 10–30% of the population in developed
countries. While chronic pain is defined as “a persistent complaint of pain lasting for more …

Application of functional imaging techniques to animal models is vital to understand pain
mechanisms, but is often confounded by the need to limit movement artefacts with …

Chronic pain often predicts the onset of psychological distress. Symptoms including anxiety
and depression after pain chronification reportedly are caused by brain remodeling …

Human brain imaging studies have revealed several regions that are activated in patients
with chronic pain. In rodent brains, functional changes due to chronic pain have not been …

Neuroimaging of pain in animals allows us to better understand mechanisms of pain
processing and modulation. In this review, we discuss recently published brain imaging …

Pain is a multidimensional subjective experience with biological, psychological, and social
factors. Whereas acute pain can be a warning signal for the body to avoid excessive injury …

Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a surrogate method to
measure calcium content in nervous system since manganese physiologically follows …

The ability of divalent manganese to enter neurons via calcium channels makes manganese
an excellent MRI contrast agent for the imaging of nociception, the afferent neuronal …

Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) is based on neuronal activity-
dependent manganese uptake, and provides information about nervous system function …

Manganese ion (Mn2+) was used as a paramagnetic contrast agent in T1-weighted
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. They enter neural cells though voltage-gated …