Depression is associated with immune dysregulation and the aberrant activity of the
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. However, the neurobiological molecular …

Stress is considered as a major cause of depression. C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is a
member of the stress-induced mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase family which is often …

There is an urgent need for novel treatment strategies for stressor related disorders,
particularly depression and anxiety disorders. Indeed, existing drug treatments are only …

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), promote
inflammatory and proliferative responses to infection and other environmental stimuli …

Depression and anxiety are the most common mood disorders affecting 300 million sufferers
worldwide. Maladaptive changes in the neuroendocrine stress response is cited as the most …

Depression is an inflammatory, commonly occurring and lethal psychiatric disorder having
high lifetime prevalence. Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that activation of immuno …

Anxiety disorders are associated with a high social burden worldwide. Recently, increasing
evidence suggests that nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) has significant implications for …

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of ketamine on lipopolysaccharide
(LPS)-induced depressive-like behavior and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the …

The c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs) are important stress-responsive kinases. They
regulate cellular activities by sequential phosphorylation and activation through a mitogen …

Honokiol (HNK), the main active component of Magnolia officinalis, has shown a variety of
pharmacological activities. In the present study, we measured the antidepressant-like effects …