Macrophages represent the first line of defence in innate immune responses and
additionally serve important functions for the regulation of host inflammation and tissue …

Macrophages play a major role in the immune system, both as antimicrobial effector cells
and as immunoregulatory cells, which induce, suppress or modulate adaptive immune …

Macrophages are found in tissues, body cavities, and mucosal surfaces. Most tissue
macrophages are seeded in the early embryo before definitive hematopoiesis is …

Immune-cell activation and functional plasticity are closely linked to metabolic
reprogramming that is required to supply the energy and substrates for such dynamic …

As an essential component of innate immunity, macrophages have multiple functions in both
inhibiting or promoting cell proliferation and tissue repair. Diversity and plasticity are …

Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of immune cells playing several and diverse
functions in homeostatic and immune responses. The broad spectrum of macrophage …

Amino acids are fundamental building blocks supporting life. Their role in protein synthesis
is well defined, but they contribute to a host of other intracellular metabolic pathways …

Macrophages undergoing M1-versus M2-type polarization differ significantly in their cell
metabolism and cellular functions. Here, global quantitative time-course proteomics and …

Macrophage polarization is accompanied by drastic changes in L-arginine metabolism. Two
L-arginine catalytic enzymes, iNOS and arginase 1, are well-characterized hallmark …

Macrophages are a functionally heterogeneous cell population that is mainly shaped by a
variety of microenvironmental stimuli. Interferon γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and …