Extreme climate events have exerted strong effects on permafrost environments over the
past few decades. The occurrence of extreme warming events during the cold season can …

Despite rising interest in the impacts of long‐term gradual climate warming on permafrost
changes, little is known about the changes in active‐layer thermal conditions after transient …

The characteristics of long‐term variation for extreme precipitation events were analyzed at
the Tanggula site in the continuous permafrost regions of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau …

The spatial and temporal variations of the seasonal freeze–thaw cycles are important in
understanding the ecological and hydrological processes and biogeochemical cycle …

Characteristics of active layer processes depend on the conditions of the ground surface,
coupled water-heat balance, soil hydrology, and soil properties under frozen and thawed …

As the thermal state of the upper boundary conditions of the soil layer, ground surface and
air temperatures sensitively indicate the heat transferring process between atmosphere and …

Rainfall significantly impacts the hydrothermal state and thermal stability of the permafrost
active layer by modifying surface energy boundary conditions. The quantitative …

The accelerated or decelerated freezing–thawing processes of the active layer in Xing'an
permafrost regions are crucial for the protection of permafrost. To better understand the …

Surface air temperature is an important factor for the permafrost thermal state in the Northern
Hemisphere. It is therefore necessary to understand the variations and regional differences …

Hydro-thermal characteristics of the active layer are critical during freezing-thawing cycles,
causing the moisture and heat exchanges between both permafrost and atmosphere in …