Abstract CD8 virtual memory T (T VM) cells are Ag-naive CD8 T cells that have undergone
partial differentiation in response to common γ-chain cytokines, particularly IL-15 and IL-4. T …

Age-associated decreases in primary CD8+ T cell responses occur, in part, due to direct
effects on naive CD8+ T cells to reduce intrinsic functionality, but the precise nature of this …

Virtual memory cells (VM) are an antigen-specific, memory phenotype CD8 T-cell subset
found in lymphoreplete, unchallenged mice. Previous studies indicated that VM cells were …

Although previous studies have demonstrated delayed viral clearance and blunted effector T
cell responses in aged mice during infection, memory CD8 T cells and especially secondary …

Memory CD8+ T cells are an important component of the adaptive immune response against
many infections, and understanding how Ag-specific memory CD8+ T cells are generated …

Naive T cell responses are eroded with aging. We and others have recently shown that
unimmunized old mice lose≥ 70% of Ag-specific CD8 T cell precursors and that many of the …

Immunity to intestinal nematodes requires CD4⁺ Th2‐cell responses, including IL‐4 and IL‐
13 production. Chronic infection with intestinal nematodes leads to downregulation of these …

Virtual memory (VM) CD8+ T cells are present in unimmunized mice, yet possess T‐cell
receptors specific for foreign antigens. To date, VM cells have only been characterized in …

The number of memory phenotype CD8 T cells increases dramatically with aging in both
humans and mice. However, the mechanism for this is unknown. The prevailing hypothesis …

IL-15 regulates central and effector memory CD8 T cell (T CM and T EM, respectively)
homeostatic proliferation, maintenance, and longevity. Consequently, IL-15 availability …