The utilization of indirect visualization during procedures has been increasingly replacing
traditional forms of direct visualization across many different surgical specialties. The …

Background Traditionally trained spine surgeons may want to transition from open spinal
surgeries to endoscopic decompressions. The aspiring endoscopic spine surgeon may have …

Introduction Endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) is a minimally invasive surgical technique that
offers comparable efficacy and safety with less collateral damage compared to conventional …

Minimally invasive techniques are becoming more widespread in the surgical
subspecialtics. Standard open surgical procedures are being modified to become less …

Many types of surgeries are changing from conventional to minimally invasive techniques.
Techniques in spine surgery have also changed, with endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) …

The aging population around the world leads to increasing incidence of degenerative spinal
conditions. There is a need for a minimally invasive technique in treatment for spinal …

Study Design: International consensus paper on a unified nomenclature for full-endoscopic
spine surgery. Objectives: Minimally invasive endoscopic spinal procedures have …

Purpose Endoscopy meets increasing interest by spine surgeons. However, endoscopic
results are diverging and many spinal endoscopic systems are difficult to apply and handle …

Recently, spine surgery has gradually evolved from conventional open surgery to minimally
invasive surgery, and endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) has become an important procedure …

Few neurosurgeons practicing today have had training in the field of endoscopic spine
surgery during residency or fellowship. Nevertheless, over the past 40 years individual spine …