Memantine is a drug which has antagonistic effects at N-methyl-D-aspartate and 5-
hydroxytryptamine 3 receptors. Its properties may make it especially effective at reducing …

Sign-tracking is a Pavlovian conditioned approach behavior thought to be important in
understanding cue-driven relapse to drug use, and strategies for reducing sign-tracking may …

Sign-tracking is a behavior with relevance to cue-triggered relapse addiction, a Pavlovian
conditioned approach behavior directed at the conditioned stimulus. The study examined …

Sign-tracking is a well-known phenomenon in appetitive Pavlovian conditioning in which
subjects approach the site of a conditioned stimulus (CS) associated with an appetitive …

Sign-and goal-tracking are behaviors seen in many species when a conditioned stimulus
and it's corresponding unconditioned stimulus are presented at separate locations, and …

Abstract The effects of pimozide (1.0 mg/kg), a DA receptor blocker, on the capacity of
environmental stimuli to acquire secondary reinforcing properties was investigated using …

Protection of abstinent individuals from relapse is the main goal of drug dependence
treatment. Relapse is frequently precipitated by exposure to small doses of the drug of …

Rationale The N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor has been implicated in mediating the
reinforcing effects of abused drugs. Some reports indicate the uncompetitive NMDA …

Cues that predict rewards can trigger reward-seeking behaviors but also can, in some
cases, become targets of motivation themselves. One behavioral phenomenon that captures …

Sign-tracking, as a classically conditioned behavior, is of interest due to its relation to
impulsivity and addiction. Caffeine affects the activity of neurotransmitters linked to sign …