Throughout life, the T cell system adapts to shifting resources and demands, resulting in a
fundamentally restructured immune system in older individuals. Here we review the cellular …

The adaptive immune system has the enormous challenge to protect the host through the
generation and differentiation of pathogen‐specific short‐lived effector T cells while in …

In studies of immune aging, naive T cells frequently take center stage. Describing the
complexity of the human naive T cell repertoire remains a daunting task; however, emerging …

T cell ageing has a pivotal role in rendering older individuals vulnerable to infections and
cancer and in impairing the response to vaccination. Easy accessibility to peripheral human …

The immune system exhibits profound age-related changes, collectively termed
immunosenescence. The most visible of these is the decline in protective immunity, which …

Acquired immune function shows recognizable changes over time with organismal aging.
These changes include T-cell dysfunction, which may underlie diminished resistance to …

With increasing age, the ability of the adaptive immune system to respond to vaccines and to
protect from infection declines. In parallel, the production of inflammatory mediators …

Aging is associated with a gradual loss of naïve T cells and a reciprocal increase in the
proportion of memory T cells. While reduced thymic output is important, age-dependent …

With increasing age, the ability of the immune system to protect against new antigenic
challenges or to control chronic infections erodes. Decline in thymic function and cumulating …

The T cell system is a complex and highly dynamic system that is amazingly robust over
many decades of human life. Its functional competence is determined not only by its size but …