Abstract Background and Aims The main assemblage of the grass subfamily Chloridoideae
is the largest known clade of C4 plant species, with the notable exception of Eragrostis …

Background Numerous groups of plants have adapted to CO2 limitations by independently
evolving C4 photosynthesis. This trait relies on concerted changes in anatomy and …

Grasses rank among the world's most ecologically and economically important plants.
Repeated evolution of the C4 syndrome has made photosynthesis highly efficient in many …

Fifty years ago, the C4 photosynthetic pathway was first characterized. In the subsequent
five decades, much has been learned about C4 plants, such that it is now possible to place …

ABSTRACT C4 photosynthesis without Kranz anatomy (single-cell C4 photosynthesis)
occurs in only 0.003% of known species of C4 flowering plants. To add insight into the …

C4 photosynthesis is an adaptive trait conferring an advantage in warm and open habitats. It
originated multiple times and is currently reported in 18 plant families. It has been recently …

C₄ is one of three known photosynthetic processes of carbon fixation in flowering plants. It
evolved independently more than 61 times in multiple angiosperm lineages and consists of …

Background The recurrent evolution of the C 4 photosynthetic pathway in angiosperms
represents one of the most extraordinary examples of convergent evolution of a complex …

C4 photosynthesis is a complex trait resulting from a series of anatomical and biochemical
modifications to the ancestral C3 pathway. It is thought to evolve in a stepwise manner …

C4 photosynthesis consists of morphological and biochemical novelties that create a CO2
pump that concentrates CO2 around Rubisco (Kanai and Edwards, 1999), which decreases …