The maritime sector has been searching for efficient solutions to change energy
consumptions patterns of ports and ships to ensure sustainable operation and to reduce CO …

As a highly efficient mode of freight transport for global trade, international shipping is
currently expected to improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions. Various …

Recently, international regulations have started to come into force due to increasing of
carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions as a greenhouse gas emission from ships. There are two …

Despite the lowest CO2 emission in terms of payload per unit mile, commercial marine fleet
transport is responsible for approximately 1 billion tonnes of CO2 emissions per year and …

With stricter IMO regulations on CO2 taking effect in 2023 and ambitious goals to reduce
carbon intensity by 2030, the maritime industry is scrambling to clean up its act …

In this paper, we discuss the greenhouse gas emission reduction potential from international
shipping. Drawing from the International Maritime Organization's most recent assessment of …

Shipping emission reduction is one of the most critical issues in the transportation industry
and world emission reduction research. Ports, as important hubs and sources of emissions …

Ports are important infrastructures for economic growth and development. Among the most
significant environmental aspects of ports that contribute to the issue of climate change are …

CO 2 emissions from maritime transport represent around 3% of total annual anthropogenic
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These emissions are assumed to increase by 150–250 …

Shipping is looking to progressively develop into a zero‐emissions industry, in agreement
with pledges made under the Initial IMO Strategy on reduction of greenhouse gas emissions …