COVID-19 has different clinical stages, and effective therapy depends on the location and
extent of the infection. The purpose of this review is to provide a background for …

In 2019, a zoonotic coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the causative agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID …

Background Knowledge of the pathophysiology of COVID-19 is almost exclusively derived
from studies that examined the immune response in blood. We here aimed to analyse the …

COVID-19 can be divided into three clinical stages, and one can speculate that these stages
correlate with where the infection resides. For the asymptomatic phase, the infection mostly …

Children are less likely than adults to suffer severe symptoms when infected with severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), while influenza A H1N1 severity is …

Coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) has been spreading worldwide since its outbreak in December 2019, and …

Most SARS-CoV2 infections will not develop into severe COVID-19. However, in some
patients, lung infection leads to the activation of alveolar macrophages and lung epithelial …

Abstract Background The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by
SARS-CoV-2 infection has become a global health emergency. We aim to decipher SARS …

Immune response dynamics in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and their severe
manifestations have largely been studied in circulation. Here, we examined the relationship …

The lung is the primary site of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-
2)-induced immunopathology whereby the virus enters the host cells by binding to …