The thoracodorsal (TD) vessels represent a complex vascular system that offers a variety of
pedicled and free flaps. Variations of the classical latissimus dorsi (LD) flap have been …

Thoracodorsal artery (TDA) flaps, ranging from the vascular-pedicled thoracodorsal artery
perforator (TDAP) flap, the propeller TDAP flap, and the muscle-sparing latissimus dorsi …

Background: Increasing focus on reducing morbidity from latissimus dorsi flaps has led to
the evolution of muscle-sparing variants and perforator-based flaps. This study aimed to …

The latissimus dorsi muscle flap is a type V according to Mathes and Nahai. It is
vascularized by a proximal main pedicle represented by the thoraco-dorsal pedicle and …

BACKGROUND: Thoracodorsal artery perforator (TAP) flaps without latissimus dorsi muscle–
have been used for reconstruction of the extremities, head and neck as free style flaps, and …

BACKGROUND: Ischaemic flap complications can be a problem following harvest of the
latissimus dorsi (LD) musculocutaneous flap or thoracodorsal artery perforator (TAP) flap …

The conventional design of free thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flaps is orientated
vertically along the long axis of the latissimus dorsi muscle, ie along the course of the …

Methods Twenty cadavers were dissected on both sides to identify the different vascular
patterns of the thoracodorsal (TD) pedicle. The vessels were counted, and the following …

Background Previous studies have reported on the abundant cutaneous perforating blood
vessels around the latissimus dorsi (LD) lateral border, such as a thoracodorsal artery …

Introduction: The thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flap has emerged as one of the
ideal perforator flaps. We, hereby, describe its versatility in indications (free/pedicled) …