Memory CD4 T cells specific for influenza virus are generated from natural infection and
vaccination, persist long-term, and recognize determinants in seasonal and pandemic …

Influenza A virus is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly
among young children and the elderly. Current vaccines induce neutralizing antibody …

Influenza virus vaccination strategies are focused upon the elicitation of protective antibody
responses through administration of viral protein through either inactivated virions or live …

We have outlined the carefully orchestrated process of CD4+ T‐cell differentiation from
naïve to effector and from effector to memory cells with a focus on how these processes can …

Memory CD4+ T cells combat viral infection and contribute to protective immune responses
through multiple mechanisms, but how these pathways interact is unclear. We found that …

Influenza A virus is highly contagious, infecting 5–15% of the global population every year. It
causes significant morbidity and mortality, particularly among immunocompromised and at …

CD 4 T cells convey a number of discrete functions to protective immunity to influenza, a
complexity that distinguishes this arm of adaptive immunity from B cells and CD 8 T cells …

The kinetics of presentation of influenza virus–derived antigens (Ags), resulting in CD4 T cell
effector and memory generation, remains undefined. Naive influenza-specific CD4 T cells …

Tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells provide enhanced protection against infection at
mucosal sites. Here we found that CD4+ T cells are important for the formation of functional …

We identify in this article a new class of lung tissue-resident memory CD4 T cells that exhibit
tissue tropism and retention independent of Ag or inflammation. Tissue-resident memory …