When plants are subjected to high metal exposure, different plant species take different
strategies in response to metal-induced stress. Largely, plants can be distinguished in four …

Among abiotic stress, the toxicity of metals impacts negatively on plants' growth and
productivity. This toxicity promotes various perturbations in plants at different levels. To …

Plants are exposed to various environmental challenges throughout their lifecycle that
adversely affect their growth and development. Heavy metal toxicity reduces plant …

During their life, plants have to cope with a variety of abiotic stresses. Cadmium is highly
toxic to plants, water soluble and therefore promptly adsorbed in tissues and its presence …

Plants are sessile in nature, but are capable to evade from high level concentration of heavy
metals like Cd, Hg, Cu, through various metabolic pathways. Some of the pathways regulate …

Heavy metal concentrations exceeding permissible limits threaten human life, plant life, and
all other life forms. Different natural and anthropogenic activities emit toxic heavy metals in …

Plants take up a wide range of trace metals/metalloids (hereinafter referred to as trace
metals) from the soil, some of which are essential but become toxic at high concentrations …

Heavy metal contamination of soil and water causing toxicity/stress has become one
important constraint to crop productivity and quality. This situation has further worsened by …

Metals like zinc, iron and copper are essential micronutrients required for a wide range of
physiological processes in all plant organs for the activities of various metal-dependent …

Nutritional micronutrient deficiencies and exposure to pollutant metals threaten human
health globally. Plant crops are at the beginning of a food chain that largely determines food …