Syntrophic cooperation among prokaryotes is ubiquitous and diverse. It relies on unilateral
or mutual aid that may be both catalytic and metabolic in nature. Hypotheses of eukaryotic …

Syntrophic interactions, where species consume metabolites excreted by others, are
common in microbial communities, and have uses in synthetic biology. Syntrophy is likely to …

The evolution of the mitochondria was a significant event that gave rise to the eukaryotic
lineage and most large complex life. Central to the origins of the mitochondria was an …

Syntrophy allows a microbial community as a whole to survive in an environment, even
though individual microbes cannot. The metabolic interdependence typical of syntrophy is …

Cross-feeding is the exchange of nutrients among species of microbes. It has two potential
evolutionary origins, one as an exchange of metabolic wastes or byproducts among species …

Metabolic crossfeeding is an important process that can broadly shape microbial
communities. However, little is known about specific crossfeeding principles that drive the …

Genome data have created new opportunities to untangle evolutionary processes shaping
microbial variation. Among bacteria, long‐term mutualists of insects represent the smallest …

Endosymbiosis drives evolutionary innovation and underpins the function of diverse
ecosystems. The mechanistic origins of symbioses, however, remain unclear, in part …

Cooperators who pay a cost to produce publically-available benefits can be exploited by
cheaters who do not contribute fairly. How might cooperation persist against cheaters? Two …

Classical definitions of syntrophy focus on a process, performed through metabolic
interaction between dependent microbial partners, such as the degradation of complex …