The sprawl of marine construction is one of the most extreme human modifications to global
seascapes. Nevertheless, its global extent remains largely unquantified compared to that on …

Around the world, coastal urbanization continues to replace natural marine habitats with
engineered structures, resulting in wholesale changes to shallow-water ecosystems and …

Underwater cities have long been the subject of science fiction novels and movies, but the
“urban sprawl” of artificial structures being developed in marine environments has …

Cities and settlements (C&S) by the sea are on the frontline of climate change—they face
climate-compounded risks that are amongst the highest, but are a key source of innovation …

Active restoration is becoming an increasingly important conservation intervention to
counteract the degradation of marine coastal ecosystems. Understanding what has …

Coastal marine ecosystems rank among the most productive ecosystems on earth but are
also highly threatened by the exposure to both ocean‐and land‐based human activities …

Globally the coastal zone is suffering the collateral damage from continuing urban
development and construction, expanding resource sectors, increasing population …

Management of the land–sea interface is essential for global conservation and sustainability
objectives because coastal regions maintain natural processes that support biodiversity and …

Habitat loss associated with land reclamation and shoreline development is becoming
increasingly prevalent as coastal cities expand. The majority of Singapore's mangrove …

Globally, coastlines are under pressure as coastal human population growth and
urbanization continues, while climatic change leads to stormier seas and rising tides. These …