Insects are critical to our ecosystems, but we do not fully understand their future in our
warming world. Rising temperatures are affecting insect physiology in myriad ways …

Highlights•Host immune responses are linked to stress responses.•Microorganisms have
adaptive strategies to tolerate temperature fluctuations.•Elevated temperature may disrupt …

Environmental temperature has important effects on the physiology and life history of
ectothermic animals, including investment in the immune system and the infectious capacity …

Ambient temperature (T a) is a critical abiotic factor for insects that cannot maintain a
constant body temperature (T b). Interestingly, T a varies during the day, between seasons …

Highlights•Cold-induced immune activation in insects remains poorly understood.•Oxidative
stress and damage-associated intracellular molecules may signal immunity.•Antimicrobial …

Winter is accompanied by multiple stressors, and the interactions between cold and
pathogen stress potentially determine the overwintering success of insects. Thus, it is …

The complex nature of climate change-mediated multitrophic interaction is an underexplored
area, but has the potential to dramatically shift transmission and distribution of many insects …

Highlights•Climate change will affect parasitoid–host interactions.•Heat shocks mediate
primary and secondary plant metabolism.•Heat stress may also negatively affect insect …

Surviving changing climate conditions is particularly difficult for organisms such as insects
that depend on environmental temperature to regulate their physiological functions. Insects …

Highlights•Multiple stressor studies, especially with three or more stressors, are rare.•So far
there is a thin taxonomic spread of existing multi-stressor data.•Urgent need for identifying …