Heart failure (HF) is marked by distinctive changes in myocardial uptake and utilization of
energy substrates. Among the different types of HF, HF with preserved ejection fraction …

Background: Deranged energy metabolism contributes to the pathophysiology of heart
failure (HF). Recent studies showed diminished free fatty acid (FFA) oxidation in …

Heart failure (HF) remains a disease with immense global health burden. During the
development of HF, the myocardium and therefore cardiac metabolism undergoes specific …

Background: The human heart primarily metabolizes fatty acids, and this decreases as
alternative fuel use rises in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Patients with …

Background: The failing heart is traditionally described as metabolically inflexible and
oxygen starved, causing energetic deficit and contractile dysfunction. Current metabolic …

Alterations in cardiac energy metabolism contribute to the severity of heart failure. However,
the energy metabolic changes that occur in heart failure are complex, and are dependent …

Identifying the correct clinical and pathophysiological framework for complex syndromes is
often challenging. With heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HF-pEF), we probably …

Fatty acids (FA) are the main fuel used by the healthy heart to power contraction, supplying
60–70% of the ATP required. FA generate more ATP per carbon molecule than glucose, but …

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a growing public health concern,
with rising incidence alongside high morbidity and mortality. However, the pathophysiology …

Under physiological conditions, the human heart derives energy from glucose, fatty acids,
and/or lactate depending upon substrate availability, circulating hormone levels, and …