Introduction: Extremes of fetal growth are associated with increased perinatal mortality and
morbidity and a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease, obesity and diabetes in later …

Introduction The pathological decrease of fetal growth during gestation can lead to
subsequent poor health outcomes for the fetus. This process is commonly controlled by the …

Introduction Small for gestational age at birth (SGA), often a consequence of placental
dysfunction, is a risk factor for neonatal morbidity and later life cardiometabolic diseases …

Background Late-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) is often undetected prior to birth, which
puts the fetus at increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes including stillbirth. Objective …

The placenta is the principal organ regulating respiratory, nutritional, endocrine and
metabolic functions on behalf of the developing fetus. Changes in gene expression patterns …

Background Infants born small for gestational age because of pathologic placenta-mediated
fetal growth restriction can be difficult to distinguish from those who are constitutionally …

Context: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a leading cause of perinatal mortality, yet no
reliable screening test exists. Placental specific mRNA in the maternal circulation may reflect …

Gestational diabetes, obesity, and excessive weight gain are known independent risk factors
for the birth of a large for gestational age (LGA) infant. However, only 1 of the 10 infants born …

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) secondary to placental insufficiency and preeclampsia (PE)
are associated with substantially increased childhood and adult morbidity and mortality. The …

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a frequent complication of pregnancy
defined as a restriction of fetal growth. The objective of this work was to improve the …