Autophagy causes the breakdown of damaged proteins and organelles to their constituent
components. The phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) pathway played an important role in …

Autophagy plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, and is closely related to
the occurrence of variety of human diseases. It is known that autophagy occurs in response …

Living in a complex environment, humans are always faced with various external stimuli and
internal changes including oxidative stress and tissue damage. To adapt to these stimuli …

Macroautophagy (or autophagy) is a conserved degradative pathway that has been
implicated in a number of biological processes, including organismal aging, innate …

Autophagy is a major cellular pathway for the degradation of ong‐lived proteins and
cytoplasmic organelles in eukaryotic cells. A large number of intracellular/extracellular …

Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved, degradative process from single-cell eukaryotes,
such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to higher mammals, such as humans. The regulation of …

Autophagy is a eukaryotic lysosomal bulk degradation system initiated by cytosolic cargo
sequestration in autophagosomes. The Ser/Thr kinase mTOR has been shown to constitute …

During the last decade, autophagy has been pointed out as a central process in cellular
homeostasis with the consequent implication in most cellular settings and human diseases …

Autophagy is an intracellular protein-degradation process that is conserved across
eukaryotes including yeast and humans. Under nutrient starvation conditions, intracellular …

Disruption of autophagy plays an import role in neurodegenerative disorders, where
deficient elimination of abnormal and toxic protein aggregates promotes cellular stress …