Abstract Programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) blockade have achieved some efficacy but
only in a fraction of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Programmed cell death 1 …

The abnormal upregulation of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells impedes
T-cell mediated cytotoxicity through PD-1 engagement, and further exploring the …

Abstract Programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)
help tumor cells evade immune surveillance, and are regarded as important targets of anti …

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), a critical immune checkpoint ligand, is a
transmembrane protein synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum of tumor cells and …

Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint protein; however, emerging
data suggest that tumor cell PD-L1 may regulate immune-independent and intrinsic cellular …

Background Hypoxia is a hallmark of cancer, and is closely intertwined with tumor immune
evasion. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been implicated in tumor response to immune …

Targeting immune checkpoints such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and
programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) have been approved for treating melanoma, gastric …

Inhibitors of programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) administered as single agents have resulted in
durable tumor regression in advanced cancer patients. However, only a minority of cancer …

Background & Aims Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective in the treatment of some
hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), but these tumors do not always respond to inhibitors of …

Background Although programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) plays a well‐known function
in immune checkpoint response by interacting with programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1), the …