Epistasis occurs when the effect of a mutation depends on its carrier's genetic background.
Despite increasing evidence that epistasis for fitness is common, its role during evolution is …

Patterns of epistasis and shapes of fitness landscapes are of wide interest because of their
bearings on a number of evolutionary theories. The common phenomena of slowing fitness …

The genotype–fitness map plays a fundamental role in shaping the dynamics of evolution.
However, it is difficult to directly measure a fitness landscape in practice, because the …

Natural selection drives evolving populations up the fitness landscape, the projection from
nucleotide sequence space to organismal reproductive success. While it has long been …

Epistasis for fitness means that the selective effect of a mutation is conditional on the genetic
background in which it appears. Although epistasis is widely observed in nature, our …

The effect of a mutation on the organism often depends on what other mutations are already
present in its genome. Geneticists refer to such mutational interactions as epistasis. Pairwise …

Epistatic interactions between mutations add substantial complexity to adaptive landscapes
and are often thought of as detrimental to our ability to predict evolution. Yet, patterns of …

Since Bateson's discovery that genes can suppress the phenotypic effects of other genes,
gene interactions—called epistasis—have been the topic of a vast research effort. Systems …

Populations evolving in constant environments exhibit declining adaptability. Understanding
the basis of this pattern could reveal underlying processes determining the repeatability of …

By formalizing the relationship between genotype or phenotype and fitness, fitness
landscapes harbor information on molecular and evolutionary constraints. The shape of the …