A framework is presented for modelling bud burst phenology of trees from the cool and
temperate regions. Three ecophysiological aspects affecting the timing of bud burst are …

According to prevailing theory, air temperature is the main environmental factor regulating
the timing of bud burst of boreal and temperate trees. Air temperature has a dual role in this …

We compared and tested Thermal Time, Sequential, Parallel and Flexible phenological
models of leaf bud burst in birch (Betula pendula Roth. and B. pubescens Ehrh.) and …

Spring phenology of temperate forest trees is optimized to maximize the length of the
growing season while minimizing the risk of freezing damage. The release from winter …

Ecophysiological models predicting timing of bud burst were tested with data gathered from
40-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees growing in northern Sweden in …

Budburst phenology is a key driver of ecosystem structure and functioning, and it is sensitive
to global change. Both cold winter temperatures (chilling) and spring warming (forcing) are …

Prediction of the timing of spring phenological events such as bloom and leaf-out has
important uses in agricultural and ecological management and modeling. However, after …

1. Four models for predicting budburst in northern hardwood trees, based on response to
spring warming alone, or with the response to spring warming modified by winter chilling …

We tested three theories predicting the timing of bud burst in mature birch (Betula pendula
Roth) trees utilizing a 60-year phenological time series together with meteorological …

Accurate plant phenology (seasonal plant activity driven by environmental factors) models
are vital tools for ecosystem simulation models and for predicting the response of …