The recently discovered prokaryotic CRISPR/Cas defence system provides immunity against
viral infections and plasmid conjugation. It has been demonstrated that in Escherichia coli …

Inheritable bacterial defence systems against phage infection and foreign DNA, termed
CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats), consist of cas protein …

CRISPR/Cas, bacterial and archaeal systems of interference with foreign genetic elements
such as viruses or plasmids, consist of DNA loci called CRISPR cassettes (a set of variable …

A widespread feature in the genomes of most bacteria and archaea is an array of clustered,
regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) that, together with a group of …

The CRISPR/Cas system is an important aspect in bacterial immunology. The anti‐phage
activity of the CRISPR system has been established using synthetic CRISPR spacers, but in …

Prokaryotes have developed multiple strategies to survive phage attack and invasive DNA.
Recently, a novel genetic program denominated the CRISPR/Cas system was demonstrated …

All organisms need to continuously adapt to changes in their environment. Through
horizontal gene transfer, bacteria and archaea can rapidly acquire new traits that may …

ABSTRACT CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)-Cas
adaptive immune systems are prevalent defense mechanisms in bacteria and archaea. They …

Phage infection poses a major threat to bacterial survival, and bacteria have evolved many
mechanisms to protect against it. One such system is the CRISPR-Cas system, which utilizes …

Bacterial CRISPR–Cas adaptive immune systems use small guide RNAs to protect against
phage infection and invasion by foreign genetic elements. We previously demonstrated that …