Neuropathic pain is often insensitive to morphine. Our previous study has demonstrated that
neuron-restrictive silencer factor represses mu opioid receptor (MOP) gene expression in …

Repeated administration of opioids such as morphine induces persistent behavioral
changes including opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH), tolerance, and physical dependence …

Background: Morphine tolerance on long-term usage leads to chronic pain conditions.
Preclinical studies demonstrated that the upregulation of HDACs is associated with a …

The efficacy of opioids in patients with chronic neuropathic pain remains controversial.
Although activation of δ-opioid receptors (DORs) in the brainstem reduces inflammation …

The easily developed morphine tolerance in bone cancer pain (BCP) significantly hindered
its clinical use. Increasing evidence suggests that histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate …

Background: The long term use of opioids for the treatment of pain leads to a group of
maladaptations which includes opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). OIH typically resolves …

Opioids are the last option for the pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain, but their
antinociceptive effects are limited. Decreased mu opioid receptor (MOR) expression in the …

Background and Purpose Hypoesthesia is a clinical feature of neuropathic pain. The feature
is partly explained by the evidence of epigenetic repression of Nav 1.8 sodium channel in …

Bone cancer pain (BCP) is a common complication with inadequate management in patients
suffering from advanced cancer. Histone deacetylase inhibitors showed significant …

Neuropathic pain is a common chronic pain condition with mechanisms far clearly been
elucidated. Mounting preclinical and clinical studies have shown neuropathic pain is highly …