Coherent multicellular organisms are not only cohesive from a spatial and anatomical point
of view but also coherent from the phenotypic and cell-functional point of view of …

The major transitions approach in evolutionary biology has shown that the intercellular
cooperation that characterizes multicellular organisms would never have emerged without …

We have previously presented a new Systemic Evolutionary Theory of Cancer (SETOC)
based on the failure of proper endosymbiosis in eukaryotic cells. Here, we propose that the …

Malignant neoplasms are usually first recognised as hard or firm solid lumps growing within,
or expanding out of, otherwise apparently healthy, organs or tissues of the body. Closer …

Despite a century of intense investigation, cancer biology and treatment remain plagued by
unanswered questions. Even basic questions regarding the fundamental forces driving the …

The global burden of cancer incidence, deaths and economic costs is steadily increasing
since several decades. Despite a massive allocation of research funds since the 1970s, no …

Somatic mutation theory of cancer has directed cancer research during the last century. A
deluge of information on cellular, molecular, and genetic behavior was uncovered, but so …

For at least 30 years cancer has been defined as a genetic disease and explained by the so-
called somatic mutation theory (SMT), which has dominated the carcinogenesis field …

Evolutionary theories are necessarily invoked for understanding cancer development at the
level of species, at the level of cells and tissues, and for developing effective therapies. It is …

Since the time the word oncology was coined in 1857, the field has expanded exponentially
metamorphosing the original connotation and intent of the word (Roman word …