The functional complexity of the central nervous system (CNS) is unparalleled in living
organisms. Its nested cells, circuits and networks encode memories, move bodies and …

Understanding the mechanisms that govern nervous tissues function remains a challenge.
In vitro two-dimensional (2D) cell culture systems provide a simplistic platform to evaluate …

Neurological disorders including traumatic brain injury, stroke, primary and metastatic brain
tumors, and neurodegenerative diseases affect millions of people worldwide. Disease …

Advances in neural tissue engineering have resulted in the development and
implementation of three-dimensional (3-D) neural cellular constructs, which may serve as …

The neural circuits of the central nervous system are the regulatory pathways for feeling,
motion control, learning, and memory, and their dysfunction is closely related to various …

Translational challenges associated with reductionist modeling approaches, as well as
ethical concerns and economic implications of small animal testing, drive the need for …

Over the years, techniques have been developed to culture and assemble neurons, which
brought us closer to creating neuronal circuits that functionally and structurally mimic parts of …

Animal models are frequently used in drug discovery because they represent a mammalian
in vivo model system, they are the closest approximation to the human brain, and …

With the increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, improved models of the
central nervous system (CNS) will improve our understanding of neurophysiology and …

The progressively deeper understanding of mechanisms underlying stem cell fate decisions
has enabled parallel advances in basic biology—such as the generation of organoid models …