Tissue injury can occur for a variety of reasons, including physical damage, infection, and
ischemia. The ability of tissues to effectively recover from injury is a cornerstone of human …

Following injury, vascular damage results in the loss of perfusion and consequent low
oxygen tension (hypoxia) which may be exacerbated by a rapid influx of inflammatory and …

Mammalian tissues react to damage by activating the highly specialized response of wound
healing. Acute inflammation is the first and fastest mechanism activated in the damaged …

Wound healing responses are physiological reactions to injuries and share common
characteristics and phases independently of the injured organ or tissue. A major hallmark of …

Most chronic inflammatory illnesses include fibrosis as a pathogenic characteristic.
Extracellular matrix (ECM) components build up in excess to cause fibrosis or scarring. The …

Fibrosis, or tissue scarring, develops as a pathological deviation from the physiological
wound healing response and can occur in various organs such as the heart, lung, liver …

Because of localized vascular damage and increased tissue oxygen demand, wound
healing occurs in a relatively hypoxic microenvironment. These features are particularly …

Tissue repair after injury is a complex, metabolically demanding process. Depending on the
tissue's regenerative capacity and the quality of the inflammatory response, the outcome is …

Inflammation is the physiological response to tissue injury caused by pathogens or trauma.
Nevertheless, inflammation should be resolved in a timely manner, resulting in elimination of …

Pathological scar formation, ie, fibrosis, is an integral part of the pathophysiological
mechanism underlying organ failure and disease progression in a multitude of pathologies …