An excessive immune response contributes to SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2
pathogenesis and lethality, but the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the N proteins …

Excessive inflammatory responses contribute to the pathogenesis and lethality of highly
pathogenic human coronaviruses, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this …

Early and persistent activation of complement is considered to play a key role in the
pathogenesis of COVID-19. Complement activation products orchestrate a proinflammatory …

A novel coronavirus, SARS‐CoV‐2, has recently emerged in China and spread
internationally, posing a health emergency to the global community. COVID‐19 caused by …

Background The SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers excessive immune response resulting in
increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, endothelial injury, and intravascular …

The complement system is an ancient part of innate immunity sensing highly pathogenic
coronaviruses by mannan‐binding lectin (MBL) resulting in lectin pathway activation and …

Complement plays an important role in the direct defense to pathogens, but can also
activate immune cells and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, in critically ill …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) may manifest as
thrombosis, stroke, renal failure, myocardial infarction, and thrombocytopenia, reminiscent of …

Respiratory failure in the acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
pandemic is hypothesized to be driven by an overreacting innate immune response, where …

In the past 20 years, infections caused by coronaviruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-
CoV-2 have posed a threat to public health since they may cause severe acute respiratory …