The basal ganglia comprise several nuclei in the forebrain, diencephalon, and midbrain
thought to play a significant role in the control of posture and movement. It is well recognized …

The basal ganglia are part of a neuronal network organized in parallel circuits. The “motor
circuit” is most relevant to the pathophysiology of movement. Abnormal increment or …

Several lines of evidence suggest that the role of the basal ganglia in motor control is of a
higher order than control of movements per se. First the striatum receives inputs from cortical …

Ever since Kinnier Wilson s discovered in 1912 that lesions of the basal ganglia cause
abnormal involuntary movements (dyskinesias) in the disease that now bears his name …

The basal ganglia and cortex work in concert to orchestrate and execute planned behaviors.
Historically, the basal ganglia are best known for their motor functions. This association was …

The motor circuitry of the basal ganglia is organized in parallel with basal ganglia circuits
involved in oculomotor, associative, and limbic functions. These circuits comprise reentrant …

The traditional view that the basal ganglia are simply involved in the control of movement
has been challenged in recent years. Three lines of evidence indicate that the basal ganglia …

There have been significant recent advances in the understanding of basal ganglia circuitry
and its role in behavior. Important areas of work in the past year include, firstly, the role of …

The basal ganglia, with their inhibitory efferents, control motor outputs either directly by their
projections to the midbrain motor regions or indirectly through the thalamic nuclei. Neural …

Recent anatomic and physiologic studies have shed new light on the functional organization
of the basal ganglia and their role in movement. The basal ganglia receive topographically …