Consistent evidence from human data points to successful threat–safety discrimination and
responsiveness to extinction of fear memories as key characteristics of resilient individuals …

While stressful life events are an important cause of psychopathology, most individuals
exposed to adversity maintain normal psychological functioning. The molecular mechanisms …

Although adverse environments are well known to be a risk factor for psychopathology,
many individuals respond adaptively to such environments. There is growing interest in the …

The exposure to stress has been associated with increased depressive and anxiety
symptoms, yet not all individuals respond negatively to the experience of stress. Recent …

Background Our understanding of the genetic basis of learning and memory remains
shrouded in mystery. To explore the genetic networks governing the biology of conditional …

Responding flexibly to sources of threat and safety is critical to the adaptive regulation of
emotions, including fear. At a neural systems level, such flexibility is thought to rely on an …

In humans, many of the factors determining vulnerability and resilience to the impact of an
adverse event revolve around coping factors. This mini-review focuses on the neural …

We propose a Survival Optimization System (SOS) to account for the strategies that humans
and other animals use to defend against recurring and novel threats. The SOS attempts to …

Humans and other animals show a remarkable capacity for resilience following traumatic,
stressful events. Resilience is thought to be an active process related to coping with stress …

Although exposure to major psychological trauma is unfortunately common, risk for related
neuropsychiatric conditions, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), varies greatly …