Smoking is the only modifiable risk factor that is associated with the development, expansion
and rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). However, the causative link between …

Angiotensin II (AngII) mediates progression of aortic aneurysm, but the relative contribution
of its type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors remains unknown. We show that loss of AT2 …

Endothelial dysfunction is caused by many factors, such as dyslipidemia, endoplasmic
reticulum (ER) stress, and inflammation. It has been demonstrated that endothelial …

OBJECTIVE: The development of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is presumed to result
from multiple genetic and environmental factors, with exposure to tobacco smoke the single …

Aneurysmal arterial disease is a vascular degenerative condition that is distinct from
atherosclerotic and other occlusive arterial diseases. There is regionalization of the …

Monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation, which can be initiated by physiological or
atherogenic factors, is a pivotal process in atherogenesis, a disorder in which monocytes …

Objective—Considerable evidence supports the early involvement of monocyte/macrophage
recruitment to activated endothelial cells by leukocyte adhesion molecules during …

In endothelial cells, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is stimulated by sheer stress
or growth factors that stimulate release of nitric oxide (NO). We hypothesized that NO might …

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common disease associated with significant
cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of AAA is poorly defined, making …

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common disease that, when surgical treatment is
inapplicable, results in rupture of the aorta with high mortality. Although nonsurgical …