The light-dependent magnetic compass of birds provides orientation information about the
spatial alignment of the geomagnetic field. It is proposed to be located in the avian retina …

Cryptochromes are ubiquitously expressed in various animal tissues including the retina.
Some cryptochromes are involved in regulating circadian activity. Cryptochrome proteins …

The primary sensory molecule underlying light-dependent magnetic compass orientation in
migratory birds has still not been identified. The cryptochromes are the only known class of …

Cryptochromes are a ubiquitous group of blue-light absorbing flavoproteins that in the
mammalian retina have an important role in the circadian clock. In birds, cryptochrome 1a …

Birds seem to use a light-dependent, radical-pair-based magnetic compass. In vertebrates,
cryptochromes are the only class of proteins that form radical pairs upon photo-excitation …

The magnetic compass of birds seems to be based on light-dependent radical-pair
processes in the eyes. Cryptochromes are currently the only candidate proteins known in …

The radical pair model proposes that the avian magnetic compass is based on radical pair
processes in the eye, with cryptochrome, a flavoprotein, suggested as receptor molecule …

Birds can use the geomagnetic field for compass orientation. Behavioral experiments, mostly
with migrating passerines, revealed three characteristics of the avian magnetic compass:(1) …

Cryptochromes, blue-light absorbing proteins involved in the circadian clock, have been
proposed to be the receptor molecules of the avian magnetic compass. In birds, several …

The geomagnetic field provides directional information for birds. The avian magnetic
compass is an inclination compass that uses not the polarity of the magnetic field but the …