INTRODUCTION Consortia of microorganisms are a promising alternative to monocultures
for complex biotransformations because of their inherent advantages, such as the …

Biological production of organic acids from conversion of biomass derivatives has received
increased attention among scientists and engineers and in business because of the …

In synthetic ecology, a nascent offshoot of synthetic biology, scientists aim to design and
construct microbial communities with desirable properties. Such mixed populations of …

Widespread production of biomass-derived fuels and chemicals will require cost-effective
processes for breaking down cellulose and hemicellulose into their constituent sugars. Here …

Most people think of ethanol as the only liquid biofuel, and that the major advances in
biofuels will revolve around enzymatic conversion of cellulosic or woody biomass (including …

Lignocellulose is the most abundant organic carbon polymer on the earth. Its decomposition
and conversion greatly impact the global carbon cycle. Furthermore, it provides feedstock for …

Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) of lignocellulosic feedstocks to platform chemicals
requires complex metabolic processes, which are commonly executed by single genetically …

Background Lignocellulosic biomass is seen as an abundant renewable source of liquid
fuels and chemicals that are currently derived from petroleum. When lignocellulosic biomass …

Increasing energy costs and environmental concerns have emphasized the need to produce
sustainable renewable fuels and chemicals. Major efforts to this end are focused on the …

Although the price of cellulosic feedstocks will likely remain lower than that of grain, the
added costs of pretreatment and enzymes for cellulosic biomass refining will likely continue …