Ammonia is toxic to fish in natural and artificial waters. We evaluated the acute (96 h) and
chronic (21 d) toxicity of un-ionized ammonia to GH transgenic common carp (Cyprinus …

A number of studies have revealed ammonia to be toxic to aquatic organisms; however, little
is known about its effects under natural conditions. To elucidate the role of ammonia, we …

In aquaculture systems, long-term low ammonia stress has not received enough attention
because ambient ammonia easily does not reach lethal concentrations for fish. The purpose …

Two recirculation bioassays were conducted for 168 h each to determine the median lethal
concentration (LC50) of unionized ammonia (NH 3) to fry of common carp (Cyprinus carpio …

We tested whether exposing fish to low ammonia concentrations induced acclimation
processes and helped fish to tolerate subsequent (sub) lethal ammonia exposure by …

Ammonia toxicity has become a universal problem for aquatic animals, especially fish. The
purpose of the present study was to assess the chronic toxicity of ammonia to the juvenile …

Using a continuous-flow method a total of 14 acute toxicity bioassays were conducted using
seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), seabream (Spams aurata) and turbot (Scophthalmus …

The investigation on the key ecological factors in the ponds for culturing qualified rare fishes
shows that the frequently disease-caught ponds have higher total am monia, molecular …

Physicochemical changes in aquatic environment may drastically influence fish physiology.
Fishes play a vital role in aquatic ecosystem and food webs. They are an important part of an …

Sublethal effects of ammonia on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated at
stages of its development (embryos, larvae, and adult fish) using morphological and …