Cells cultured within a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro environment have the ability to
acquire phenotypes and respond to stimuli analogous to in vivo biological systems. This …

Abstract Tissue‐engineered three‐dimensional (3D) cancer models employing biomimetic
hydrogels as cellular scaffolds provide contextual in vitro recapitulation of the native tumor …

Although successful remission has been achieved when cancer is diagnosed and treated
during its earliest stages of development, a tumor that has established neovascularization …

Extracellular matrix regulates hallmark features of cancer through biochemical and
mechanical signals, although mechanistic understanding of these processes remains limited …

Methods for culturing mammalian cells ex vivo are increasingly needed to study cell and
tissue physiology and to grow replacement tissue for regenerative medicine. Two …

In tumor biology, it is widely recognized that 3D rather than 2D cell culture can recapitulate
key features of solid tumors, including cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. In this …

The superiority of in vitro 3D cultures over conventional 2D cell cultures is well recognized
by the scientific community for its relevance in mimicking the native tissue architecture and …

The specific microenvironment that cells reside in fundamentally impacts their broader
function in tissues and organs. At its core, this microenvironment is composed of precise …

3-dimensional (3D) in vitro models were developed in order to mimic the complexity of real
organ/tissue in a dish. They offer new possibilities to model biological processes in more …

Type I collagen hydrogels have been used successfully as three-dimensional substrates for
cell culture and have shown promise as scaffolds for engineered tissues and tumors. A …