Rationale This review provides insight for the judicious selection of nicotine dose ranges
and routes of administration for in vivo studies. The literature is replete with reports in which …

A major obstacle to the development of medications for nicotine dependence is the lack of
animal and human laboratory models with sufficient predictive clinical validity to support the …

Although tobacco appears highly addictive in humans, there has been persistent
controversy about the ability of its psychoactive ingredient nicotine to induce self …

Rationale Although nicotine dependence and tolerance develop in rats, few studies have
examined these processes in the mouse. Establishing such mouse models would eventually …

Tobacco use through cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the
developed world. Nicotine, a psychoactive component of tobacco, appears to play a major …

Rationale Although considerable progress has been made, we do not yet fully understand
the behavioral and neurobiological basis of nicotine reinforcement, and without this …

Rationale and background Tobacco use through cigarette smoking is the leading
preventable cause of death in the developed world. Nicotine, a psychoactive component of …

Nicotine is the crucial component in tobacco that underlies smoking behavior; however, the
effects of nicotine can vary in both human and animal studies. Recent data from knockout …

Rationale Tobacco use is implicated in approximately 440,000 deaths per year, making it
the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Although it is generally …

Smoking is the major cause of preventable deaths worldwide, and although there is a
decline in overall smoking prevalence in developed countries, the decline in women is less …