Introduction The excessive consumption of antibiotics is a significant contributor to
antimicrobial resistance, especially in children. Children are often advised antibiotics for …

Background Although prohibited by law and legal regulatory frameworks, non-prescribed
sale of antibiotics in community medicine retail outlets (CMROs) remains a serious problem …

Introduction: In low-and middle-income countries such as India, private pharmacies play an
important role in medical treatments, offering advice for common illnesses such as diarrhea …

Background Inappropriate antibiotic use for treatment of common self-limiting infections is a
major problem worldwide. We conducted this study to determine prevalence of non …

Antibiotics dispensing without a prescription is an irrational practice and can increase the
risk of antibiotic resistance, which is a significant public health concern around the globe …

Background Antimicrobial resistance is a global health emergency, and one of the
contributing factors is overuse and misuse of antibiotics. India is one of the world's largest …

Community pharmacies are the main channel of antibiotics distribution. We aimed to
analyze the dispensing of non-prescribed antibiotics and knowledge of pharmacy staff. We …

Summary objectives To assess over‐the‐counter antimicrobial dispensing by drug retailers
in Kathmandu, Nepal, for rationality, safety, and compliance with existing government …

Introduction The aim of this mixed-method study was to determine the extent and
determinants of inappropriate dispensing of antibiotics by licensed private drug retail outlets …

Background The emergency of antimicrobial resistance due to irrational antimicrobial use
has put public health under threat. Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlets (ADDOs) play an …