Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable metabolic disease hallmarked by chronic
hyperglycemia caused by beta-cell failure. Diabetic complications affect the vasculature and …

Oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia is a key factor in the pathogenesis of diabetes
complications. Glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1) is a cytosolic redox protein that catalyzes GSH …

The onset and progression of diabetes mellitus type 2 is highly contingent on the amount of
functional beta-cell mass. An underlying cause of beta-cell decay in diabetes is oxidative …

Glutaredoxins utilize the reducing power of glutathione to maintain and regulate the cellular
redox state and redox-dependent signaling pathways, for instance, by catalyzing reversible …

AMPK dysregulation contributes to the onset and development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
AMPK is known to be activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant …

This Special Issue of Antioxidants on Glutathione (GSH) and Glutaredoxin (Grx) was
designed to collect review articles and original research studies focused on advancing the …

Glutaredoxin, Grx, is a small protein containing an active site cysteine pair and was
discovered in 1976 by Arne Holmgren. The Grx system, comprised of Grx, glutathione …

Free fatty acids (FFA), hyperglycemia, and inflammatory cytokines are major mediators of β-
cell toxicity in type 2 diabetes mellitus, impairing mitochondrial metabolism. Glutaredoxin 5 …

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, and as rates continue to
increase, discovering mechanisms and therapeutic targets become increasingly important …

Most cells contain high levels of glutathione and multiple glutaredoxins, which utilize the
reducing power of glutathione to catalyze disulfide reductions in the presence of NADPH …