Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses that involve most plants and Glomeromycota fungi are
integral and functional parts of plant roots. In these associations, the fungi not only colonize …

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have repeatedly been demonstrated to alleviate heavy
metal stress of plants. The current manuscript summarizes results obtained to date on the …

High concentrations of heavy metals in soil have an adverse effect on micro-organisms and
microbial processes. Among soil microorganisms, mycorrhizal fungi are the only ones …

Plants have a system of antioxidant enzymes, which helps to alleviate the effects of various
types of stresses. Heavy metals like Cadmium and lead are tolerable for plants to certain …

Abstract Background and Aims It is increasingly evident that plant tolerance to stress is
improved by mycorrhiza. Thus, suitable plant–fungus combinations may also contribute to …

Transition metals such as iron, copper, zinc, or molybdenum are essential nutrients for
plants. These elements are involved in almost every biological process, including …

Mycorrhizae are symbiotic interfaces between soil fungi and plant roots that permit plants to
acquire nutrients from soil with a far lower carbon expenditure than would be necessary if all …

High concentrations of heavy metals (HM) in the soil have detrimental effects on ecosystems
and are a risk to human health as they can enter the food chain via agricultural products or …

Mycorrhizal associations, including ericoid, arbuscular and ecto-mycorrhizas, are found
colonising highly metal contaminated soils. How do mycorrhizal fungi achieve metal …

Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM) is an obligate biotroph, which mainly improves phosphorus
nutrition, ability to withstand water stress and offers a natural potential for biological control …