One may wonder why methylxanthines are so abundant in beverages used by humans for
centuries, or in cola-drinks that have been heavily consumed since their appearance. It is …

Organic substances containing nitrogen are widespread throughout the whole of the natural
world. Also included amongst these are the methylxanthine derivatives caffeine …

Cocoa consumption began in America and in the mid sixteenth Century it quickly spread to
Europe. Beyond being considered a pleasant habit due to its rich sweet lingering taste …

Caffeine was conceived for a wide range of readers interested in the effects on human
health, nutrition, and physiological function of the methylxanthine beverages and foods …

In recent years there has been a growing concern over the presence of pharmacologically
active agents and natural toxicants in our food supply. Regulatory agencies have taken the …

The effects of theobromine in man are underresearched, possibly owing to the assumption
that it is behaviourally inert. Toxicology research in animals may appear to provide alarming …

Methylxanthines (MTXs) are consumed by almost everybody in almost every area of the
world. Caffeine, theophylline and theobromine are the most well‐known members of this …

Rationale Liking, cravings and addiction for chocolate (“chocoholism”) are often explained
through the presence of pharmacologically active compounds. However, mere “presence” …

Caffeine (1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthine) is the most consumed psychoactive substance in the
world, acting by means of antagonism to adenosine receptors, mainly A1 and A2A. Coffee is …

Chocolate and cocoa are extensively used in many cultures. Although their composition has
been studied, the functional significance of the components has not been as well defined …