High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) allows direct visualization of dynamic
structural changes and processes of functioning biological molecules in physiological …

High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) is a unique tool for molecular imaging. It can
directly visualize protein molecules during their functional activity at high spatiotemporal …

High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) is now materialized. It allows direct
visualization of dynamic structural changes and dynamic processes of functioning biological …

Various techniques have been developed and used to investigate how proteins produce
complex biological architectures and phenomena. Among these techniques, high-speed …

Background Many biological processes in a living cell are consequences of sequential and
hierarchical dynamic events of biological macromolecules such as molecular interactions …

Highlights•I describe the unique features of high-speed AFM imaging.•I outline recent high-
speed AFM imaging of proteins and cells.•I review what types of dynamic molecular events …

Proteins are probably the most important biomacromolecules and the building blocks of life.
They regulate a large number of diverse biological functions. Protein function depends …

Conventional atomic force microscopes (AFMs) take at least 30–60 s to capture an image,
while dynamic biomolecular processes occur on a millisecond timescale or less. To narrow …

Atomic force microscopy allows visualization of biomolecules with nanometer resolution
under physiological conditions. Recent advances have improved the time resolution of the …

High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) has enabled observing protein molecules
during their functional activity at rates of 1–12.5 frames per second (fps), depending on the …