The small nucleotide ppGpp acts as a global regulator of gene expression in bacteria.
Proteomic analysis of cells lacking ppGpp has shown that this nucleotide might affect many …

The small nucleotides pppGpp and ppGpp (or (p) ppGpp) are rapidly synthesized in
response to nutritional stress. In Escherichia coli, the enzymes RelA and SpoT are triggered …

The synthesis rates of DNA, rRNA, bulk mRNA, protein, and RNA polymerase beta-and beta'-
subunits were determined as functions of growth rate in a wild-type Escherichia coli strain …

The global regulatory nucleotide ppGpp (" magic spot") regulates transcription from a large
subset of Escherichia coli promoters, illustrating how small molecules can control gene …

The second messenger nucleotide ppGpp dramatically alters gene expression in bacteria to
adjust cellular metabolism to nutrient availability. ppGpp binds to two sites on RNA …

It is widely accepted that the DNA, RNA and protein content of Enterobacteriaceae is
regulated as a function of exponential growth rates; macromolecular content increases with …

Both ppGpp and pppGpp are thought to function collectively as second messengers for
many complex cellular responses to nutritional stress throughout biology. There are few …

Highlights•(p) ppGpp metabolic enzymes sense diverse stresses.•(p) ppGpp regulates
transcription initiation by targeting RNAP or GTP levels.•(p) ppGpp controls replication …

Understanding how bacteria coordinate gene expression with biomass growth to adapt to
various stress conditions remains a grand challenge in biology. Stress response is often …

To determine the role of ppGpp in both negative and positive regulation of transcription
initiation during exponential growth in Escherichia coli, we examined transcription in …