The gut epithelium not only provides a physical barrier to separate a noxious outside from a
sterile inside but also allows for highly regulated interactions between bacteria and their …

In the intestine, multiple interactions occur with the external world. Thus, the intestinal
mucosal barrier has to tolerate millions of microorganisms that commonly inhabit the gut …

Continuous exposure of intestinal mucosal surfaces to diverse microorganisms and their
metabolites reflects the biological necessity for a multifaceted, integrated epithelial and …

The intestinal barrier is mainly formed by a monolayer of epithelial cells, which forms a
physical barrier to protect the gut tissues from external insults and provides a …

The immune system plays a fundamental role at mucosal barriers in maintaining tissue
homeostasis. This is particularly true for the gut where cells are flooded with microbial …

The mammalian gastrointestinal tract hosts a diverse community of trillions of
microorganisms, collectively termed the microbiota, which play a fundamental role in …

The intestinal epithelium—which constitutes the interface between the enteric microbiota
and host tissues—actively contributes to the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis and …

Immunity is shaped by commensal microbiota. From early life onwards, microbes colonize
mucosal surfaces of the body and thereby trigger the establishment of immune homeostasis …

The microbiota that populate the mammalian intestine are critical for proper host physiology,
yet simultaneously pose a potential danger. Intestinal antigen-presenting cells, namely …

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is considered the largest immunological organ in the body
having a central role in regulating immune homeostasis. Contrary to earlier belief, the …