Cancer still ranks as a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Although considerable efforts
have been dedicated to anticancer therapeutics, progress is still slow, partially due to the …

Cancer is considered one of the most predominant diseases in the world and one of the
principal causes of mortality per year. The cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in …

The exact mechanistic understanding of cancer metastasis continues to be unknown,
although it is a major cause of death worldwide. Along with the tumor mass, the tumor …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) typically comprises cancer cells, tumor vasculature,
stromal components like fibroblasts, and host immune cells that assemble to support …

Tumor cells evolve in a complex and heterogeneous environment composed of different cell
types and an extracellular matrix. Current 2D culture methods are very limited in their ability …

Cancer is characterized by a high fatality rate, complex molecular mechanism, and costly
therapies. The microenvironment of a tumor consists of multiple biochemical cues and the …

The tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in cancer development and treatment.
Traditional 2D cell cultures fail to fully replicate the complete tumor microenvironment, while …

In vitro engineering of tumor milieus is complex because cancer progression and metastasis
involve spatio-temporally evolving cell–matrix interactions, myriad interactions between …

Despite the recent rigorous studies towards a possible cure, cancer still remains as one of
the most daunting problems faced by the humanity. Currently utilized two-dimensional …

Bioprinting shows excellent potential for preclinical tumor modeling, with significant
advantages over 2D cell cultures in replicating the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recently …