Background Safety and toxicity have become major challenges in the internationalization of
Chinese medicine. Inspite of its wide application, security problems of Chinese medicine still …

Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) are playing important roles in the treatment of diseases
and human health care throughout the world. However, the extrinsic harmful residues have …

Abstract According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition), human physiology and
drug administration are the major factors related to adverse reactions to traditional Chinese …

Introduction: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used around the world. However,
with its wide use has been the identification of a number of toxicological issues that have …

It is estimated that three quarters of the world population rely on herbal and traditional
medicine as a basis for primary health care. Therefore, it is one of the most important and …

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays an important role in health care systems in many
parts of the world. Recently, interest in TCM has revived due to the rediscovery of the …

Herbal medicine, including traditional Chinese medicine, has been used for the prevention,
treatment, and cure of disorders or diseases for centuries. In addition to being used directly …

Many important drugs in the Chinese materia medica (CMM) are known to be toxic, and it
has long been recognized in classical Chinese medical theory that toxicity can arise directly …

External contamination sources (pesticide residues, heavy metals, solvent residues, and
aflatoxin) and measurements and restriction standards that were published in previous …

Chinese medicine (CM) has been widely used in Hong Kong for centuries. In fact, CM
practitioners currently provide over 20% of the medical consultations in Hong Kong and …