Hydrogels, formed from cross-linked hydrophilic macromolecules, can provide a three-
dimensional microenvironment that mimics the extracellular matrix and have widely served …

Hydrogels, being hydrophilic polymer networks capable of absorbing and retaining aqueous
fluids, hold significant promise in biomedical applications owing to their high water content …

There is a growing demand for three-dimensional scaffolds for expanding applications in
regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and cell culture techniques. The material …

Nanomaterials' unique structures at the nanometer level determine their incredible functions,
and based on this, they can be widely used in the field of nanomedicine. However …

Hydrogels mimic native tissue microenvironment due to their porous and hydrated molecular
structure. An emerging approach to reinforce polymeric hydrogels and to include multiple …

Nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels, organic–inorganic hybrid materials, are of great interest as
artificial three‐dimensional (3D) biomaterials for biomedical applications. NC hydrogels are …

Highlights•Nano/microstructures can be incorporated into the hydrogels by various physical
or chemical cross-linking methods.•Nano/microstructures can enhance the mechanical …

Cell-laden hydrogels can regenerate lost, damaged or malfunctioning tissues. Clinical
success of such hydrogels is strongly dependent on the ability to tune their chemical …

Tissue engineering is an important field of regenerative medicine, which combines scaffolds
and cell transplantation to develop substitute tissues and/or promote tissue regeneration …

Injectable hydrogels have become an incredibly prolific area of research in the field of tissue
engineering and regenerative medicine, because of their high water content, mechanical …