The tumor microenvironment (TME), the complex environment in which tumors develop, has
been increasingly targeted for cancer treatment in recent years. Aggressive pituitary tumors …

Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are neoplasms derived from the endocrine cells of the anterior
pituitary gland. Most frequently, they are benign tumors, but may sometimes display an …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes resident and infiltrative non-tumor cells, as well
as blood and lymph vessels, extracellular matrix molecules, and numerous soluble factors …

The pituitary tumour microenvironment encompasses a spectrum of non-tumoural cells, such
as immune, stromal or endothelial cells, as well as enzymes and signalling peptides like …

The tumour microenvironment (TME) includes a variety of non-neoplastic cells and non-
cellular elements such as cytokines, growth factors and enzymes surrounding tumour cells …

Aggressive pituitary tumors (APTs) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality,
and effective treatment options are limited. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have …

Pituitary tumors are rare neoplasms, with a heterogeneous biological and clinical behavior,
due to their clinical course, local invasive growth, resistance to conventional therapies and …

Purpose Treatment-refractory pituitary tumors demonstrate characteristics resembling those
of highly aggressive tumors, in which the local tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a …

Aggressive pituitary tumors account for up to 10% of pituitary tumors and are characterized
by resistance to medical treatment and multiple recurrences despite standard therapies …

The microenvironment of pituitary adenomas (PAs) includes a range of non-tumoral cells,
such as immune and stromal cells, as well as cell signaling molecules such as cytokines …