Heavy metal (HM)-mediated toxic effects on plants have attained considerable attention
worldwide as they directly threaten the food supply chain. Although various measures have …

Heavy metal (HM) stress in plants has received considerable global attention as it threatens
sustainable growth in agriculture worldwide. Hence, desperate efforts have been …

Heavy metal (HM) accumulation in the agricultural soil and its toxicity is a major threat for
plant growth and development. HMs disrupt functional integrity of the plants, induces altered …

Environmental contamination by hazardous heavy metals (HMs) is increasing worldwide
and poses a serious threat to plant production and human health. Subjection of plants to HM …

Natural and anthropogenic activities increase the input of heavy metals into the soil and
water, which has resulted in the widespread occurrence of metal contamination of …

The presence of different forms of heavy metals in the earth crust is very primitive and
probably associated with the origin of plant life. However, since the beginning of human …

Heavy metal contamination of soil and water causing toxicity/stress has become one
important constraint to crop productivity and quality. This situation has further worsened by …

Heavy metal/metalloids (HMs) are among the primary soil pollutants that limit crop
production worldwide. Plants grown in HM contaminated soils exhibit reduced growth and …

Phytohormones, including auxin, abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, ethylene, cytokinin,
brassinosteroids, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid, provide beneficial effects for plants …

Plants being sessile are susceptible to heavy metals (HMs) toxicity and respond differentially
to hostile environments. The toxicity of HM is governed by the type of ion and its …